The wooden sections ordinarily rotted away thousands of years previously, but a wooden longbow from the same era was discovered in Somerset. Most probably, people had been using all wooden, single section bows long before they started constructing complex composite recurve bows.

The skill of archery has always fascinated mankind and, in spite of the fact that guns have made archery obsolete, it still fascinates people today, although nowadays archery is almost reserved used for sporting purposes. It is a thriving sport and hobby and is the national sport of the Kingdom of Bhutan.

If you are interested in practising archery, you will first have to make your mind up which kind of bow you prefer. Among other varieties, there are the longbow, recurve bow, reflex and decurve bows, deflex bow, pyramid bow and crossbow.

To a certain extent, the arrows are not interchangeable either. For instance, a longbow can cast a three foot, heavy-gauge arrow, whereas a crossbow shoots a six inch bolt. The bows also had distinctive uses although there was a certain degree of overlap.

For example, longbows were the heavy, rapid-firing artillery of their day, being able to lob a heavy, armour-piercing arrow hundreds of yards; whereas a short recurve bow was perfect for attack from horseback. Crossbows took less ability to operate but were slower than a bow.

There are different types of arrow as well. Traditionally, arrows were made of wood with a sharp metal tip, but these days arrows can be made of aluminium or carbon fibre. The arrowheads are different for different uses as well. A plain brass tip is sufficient for everyday shooting whereas a ferocious, slashing broadhead is used for killing.

The majority of people who take archery seriously use carbon fibre arrows these days which is the typical arrow shaft in use at the Olympic games. The flights are usually of bird feathers and are used to stabilize the arrow in flight to reduce wobble. Plastic flights are also available as they are less susceptible to damage.

The Welsh (and English) longbow was perhaps the most powerful hand bow extensively used. These longbows were typically six feet or more in length and made of one section of seasoned yew (or other woods). The draw weight of a Welsh longbow at the time of Henry VIII was between 160 -180 lbf and that would shoot a heavy three ounce arrow up to about 280 yards.

An explanation of the damage that one of these arrows could wreak was given by Gerald of Wales in the 12th century:

“… in the war against the Welsh, one of the men of arms was struck by an arrow shot at him by a Welshman. It went right through his thigh, high up, where it was protected inside and outside the leg by his iron cuirasses, and then through the skirt of his leather tunic; next it penetrated that part of the saddle which is called the alva or seat; and finally it lodged in his horse, driving so deep that it killed the animal”.

It took years of practice to draw and shoot one of these longbows bows accurately.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece writes on several topics, but is presently concerned with archery recurve bows. If you would like to know more or for special deals, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

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They knew even then, thousands of years ago, that most stars seem to rise in the Eastern skies at night and travel on circular paths. They also noticed that some ‘stars’ were ‘wanderers’ (we call them planets) and that sometimes they travelled ‘against the flow’.

They also named clusters of stars that we now call constellations or even galaxies and knew that those visible in the winter were not the same as those seen in the summer.and that others were visible all year round. The average common man of 5,000 – 10,000 years ago almost certainly knew more about the movement of the celestial bodies than the average common man of today does. (I mean men and women here, of course).

They learned how to calculate or at least locate the extremities of the sunrise and went to extraordinary lengths to mark those positions with huge stone structures, such as Stonehenge in the United Kingdom, probably to facilitate the location of certain positions of the sun or other planets or stars, which may have been important to their religious beliefs or crop cycles.

In 1609, Galileo invented the first artificial device for studying the stars and planets. It was the first astronomical telescope and through it he was able to see objects millions of miles away that no one had ever seen before. Because of the conclusions he came to from his observations, he had trouble with the Roman Catholic Church and was often in serious danger for his life, so radical were his discoveries.

But mankind was not intimidated, and since then we have gone on to build ever bigger and ever better telescopes with which we can even detect radio waves, microwaves, X-rays, infrared waves and gamma waves from outer space. Forty years ago, we even travelled to our Moon. and we have sent probes to eight of the nine planets in our Solar System, as well as to several comets and asteroids.

Where are we going next? That decision was always up to the government of the United States and the old Soviet Union, but now there are other players in the field. What will China or India want to explore with their possibly slightly different outlook on life? Or will it be just a question of financial benefit?

The world may be in a state of change and power may be shifting from its traditional seats, but it has not diminished interest in questions that scientists think can only be answered in space. These are exciting times in the science of astronomy, but then man has always found astronomy enthralling .

If you are interested in astronomy, then why not visit our website at: http://astronomy.the-real-way.com

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Well, the fact is that the difference between a hybrid car and a standard car lies under the bonnet. There are different kinds of hybrid vehicles as well, but the most widespread kind has a hybrid electric engine. Therefore, you could say that what makes hybrid cars special from most other, ordinary cars is their engine.

Or engines really, because hybrid electric cars basically have two engines. One, the internal combustion engine, runs on petrol, LPG or diesel and the other, the electric motor, runs off electricity stored in an array of powerful batteries. On the other hand, ordinary cars only have an internal combustion engine. It is a good idea to examine these two types of engine separately.

First of all the electric motor. Electrical energy is generated by several components on the car and stored in a large bank or array of powerful batteries. The electricity is created by the turning of the internal combustion engine, just as with a normal car, when it is in use, but also by the wheels or / and the car’s braking system. Different models have different methods of generating this electricity, but they are all very hi-tech and very effective.

When the car’s internal computers decide that the car no longer needs the power of the internal combustion engine, it will turn it off and switch to the electric motor instead. The circumstances where this might happen are, for example, when you are driving slowly in inner-city traffic, when you are cruising at moderate speed on a flat motorway or when you are going down hill. This saves a considerable amount of fuel, which is clearly a great saving to you.

However, there are occasions when you have to have more power than the batteries can supply you, for example, when accelerating hard, when overtaking or when climbing a hill. At times such as these, the electric motor will shut down and the combustion engine will take over and start supplying power to the accelerator and electricity to the batteries. When the requirement for extra power has ceased, the batteries will take over again.

These decisions are all taken by the hybrid electric vehicle’s (HEV’s) on board computer system and you will not be aware of much other that a surge of power or a quietening of the propulsion system. This works very well in most cases, but some drivers of HEV’s would like to have a manual override for abnormal circumstances, such as an undulating terrain.

All in all, cars with hybrid electric engines work very well at reducing fuel bills but they are still too dear to be much more than a gimmicky toy and a salve to the conscience for the well-to-do.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on a lot of subjects, but is currently involved with hybrid electric engines. If you would like to know more or check out some great offers, please go to our website at New Hybrid Vehicles.

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Being heavy can cause a lot of other issues, besides it being a problem in its own right. Obesity makes rapid movement, stretching and reaching tricky. Excess perspiration can be an embarrassment and it can result in rubbing. The range of fashionable clothing available can be constrained too. Besides these issues, studies have shown that being overweight invariably leads to health problems such as hypertension, heart troubles, sleep apnea and diabetes.

The only solution to this bundle of problems is to lose those spare pounds around your waist by embarking on a healthy weight loss diet plan and following it faithfully. I will give you a few general pointers below to help you slim down and decrease the risk of spending your latter years running in and out of hospital.

Almost all of the traditional weight loss diet plans proposed by dietitians and nutritionists start with the simple exhortation to reduce your food consumption to the amount you require to carry out your every day routine. The problem is that it sounds simple, but it is one of the hardest things to do. It takes a lot of determination on your part. However, you could start by eating and drinking three-quarters of what you normally eat. Once you can handle that, reduce the percentage again.

Try to make every calorie count. By that, I mean, if you are going to eat 200 calories, make certain that they are contained in food that will do you good and keep you feeling satiated. A bar of chocolate will give you a blood-sugar rush for 20-30 minutes, but a doorstep of a cheese and salad sandwich made from whole grain bread washed down with a glass or two of water will give you plenty of fibre and vitamins and fill you up for a couple of hours.

It is always a good idea to keep a journal of what you consume and when. This way you can compare days and weeks and see what works best. It also helps if you are reducing your consumption in stages. Mark what you eat with the number of calories in that portion. If you do not know accurately, guess it. Writing something down is better than nothing.

The next part is the part I don’t like – exercise. Regular exercise. The good news is that it does not have to be too much. Two thirty minute walks a day is quite helpful. Once in the morning and once in the evening. Or walk in your lunch time and after your evening meal. If you like, frequent visits to the fitness center are even better, but they are also easier to miss or give up altogether.

Owen Jones, the author of this article, writes on many topics, but is currently involved with lose weight programs. If you have an interest in losing weight too, please go over to our website now at Why Can’t I Lose Weight? This article, The Best Methods To Shed Weight is available for free reprint.

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The word tackle referring to fishing equipment comes from ‘takel’ which initially meant the rigging on a ship, that is, the gear consisting of ropes supporting a ship’s masts and sails. Later, the same word was recorded as having a another meaning, that of apparatus for fishing and that meaning has been preserved ever since then.

The most rudimentary fishing gear consists of a rod, a line, a hook, a lure, a bait and a weight or sinker. The line is a simple string especially made for fishing that is both long, thin and yet strong, so that fish do not notice it. There are various things that an angler asks about when buying a fishing line, such as its resistance, stretch, strength et cetera. The line will be selected based on what kind of fish the angler intends to catch.

The sinker or weight, also called a plummet, is actually a weight that helps in casting the hook and the bait as far as possible from the shoreline or from the boat that the fisherman is using. They are usually made of lead as their purpose is also to sink and to get the bait closer to the fish in the water as quickly as possible. However, lead sinkers have been banned in some parts of the world, especially the really small ones, which are often called ‘shot’. If eaten by birds or other fish, the lead, which is well-known for its high toxicity, will cause the death of the animal.

Another basic piece of fishing gear is the hook. This is a device meant for holding the bait and for hooking into the fish’s mouth. It is attached to the line and the fisherman can choose from a pretty wide range of shapes, sizes and materials.

Last but not least, the fishing equipment is not efficient without bait or lure. A lure is a device tied at the end of the line that looks and moves something resembling the prey of the fish you are after. Its purpose is to catch the attention of the fish with its colour and movement. Artificial flies and sand eels fall into this category. When the fish eats the lure, it gets hooked.

Bait, on the other hand, is the item actually attached to the hook. Bait is usually of two types: animal or foodstuff. ‘Animal’ refers to small fish or other water creatures, insects or crawlers. ‘Foodstuff’ refers to grains, like corn, bread or whatever the angler believes might work.

If you are interested in fishing and would like to learn more more, please pop along to our website called Gone Fishing This article, Fishing Equipment is available for free reprint.

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If you have a minute to look around in backyards you most likely might find lots of vinyl storage buildings. The reason behind their popularity is due to their excellent look and their effective storage abilities. Let’s now continue to chat about 3 reasons to purchase a storage space shed made from vinyl.

Number 1 – No Warping

If you’ve contemplated buying a wooden shed for storage you probably put an end to that because of all the upkeep you have to perform to keep them from warping and leading to difficulties. There are many individuals which are switching from wood to vinyl. There are methods to keep the wood from this process but it’s a lot of work if you just want to put a structure up and have a place to store your things.

Number 2 – Keeps Unwanted Pests Away From You

If you don’t obtain a shed which has a correct way of keeping pests out you aren’t likely to have much success together with your storage. You wanted to keep your things away from the weather but if insects and other pests are after your things this is not going to function. These storage sheds are going to provide you just what you’ll need for keeping those pests away.

Number 3 – Keeps Your Belongings Safe

Vinyl storage buildings will also keep your things secure and away from robbers and people that want to mess with your valuables. Simply place a lock on your storage sheds and you’ll not need to be worried about anybody getting in.

In this article we now have discussed 3 good reasons to purchase a storage shed made of vinyl.

Ready To Get Awesome Storage At A Awesome Price? Click the link: vinyl storage buildings

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The first thing that an over-weight individual ought to do is seek a doctor to recommend the best weight loss plan. This will be done after a full physical examination, which leads to the determination of a proper weight loss technique. To shed excess weight fast and effectively, four aspects of one’s life should be changed: what to eat, how to eat, behavior and activity level.

Here are fast tips that can change an over-weight persons’s life:

1: Fast weight loss consists of a multi-faceted plan that is made up of mindset, exercise, and, in some cases, diet supplements. Begin by studying a diet regimen that can be easily incorporated into your lifestyle. Include an exercise plan that requires at least fifteen minutes a day brisk walking, running, swimming or dancing.

2: Set realistic targets. The ability to focus and have a proper mindset enables a person on a diet to rapidly shed those extra kilos. With discipline and a proper outlook, a dieter will not be discouraged and lose focus.

3: Listen to what your body is saying. everybody’s body behaves in a different way to different quick weight loss plans. Substitute one plan for another to gauge the body’s reaction. An exercise regimen must be suited to one’s body, as some can not exercise as rigorously as others. If walking is all that you can do, then walk, since this is one of the best exercises. Don’t forget that muscles burn calories, so try to put on a little more muscle – it looks sexy too.

4: Eat more fibre because it makes a person feel full sooner and stays in the stomach longer, slowing down the rate at which you will want to eat again. For example whole grain bread will remain in the system longer and stave off hunger longer than white bread, which converts to sugars faster. giving you a quick sugar spike, which soon passes, making you hungry again.

5: Stay away from fried food especially deep-fried, as it contains a large amount of fat. However, although fish and chicken are considered to be leaner than beef, this white meat can contain more fat than beef when it is fried. It is recommended for those on a strict diet opt for grilled food since it does not have much fat after the food is cooked.

6: Take in plenty of fluid. Drinking at least six to eight glasses of water a day keeps the body ‘flushing’ and since weight loss depends on how the body gets rid of bodily waste, the body must stay hydrated.

So, all in all, discipline and consistency is the key to fast weight loss. Light dieting, exercise and the right nutritional supplements taken regularly everyday will result in a quicker weight loss than having a huge, but short-lived campaign followed by a return to your bad old ways, because this only results in gaining more weight than before the weight loss plan was begun.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece, writes on many subjects, but is currently involved with our blog why can’t I lose weight? If you have an interest in losing weight, please go over to our website now at Why Can’t I Lose Weight? Check here for free reprint licence: Losing Weight Fast.

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This odd movement of the planet is due to several factors, the most important of which is something called ‘precession’. Precession stems from the fact that the Earth is not a perfect sphere. It is in fact about twenty-seven miles longer around the Equator that it is around the Poles. The Earth then is oblate, or fat around the middle like middle-aged spread, but it is due to the spinning not to its age.

If you imagine the Earth with its Poles off centre. Then rotate that image and you will find that any point, except the exact centre of the axis, will travel in a circle. But very, very slowly. So slowly that it takes 26,000 years to go full circle and get back to where it started from.

This point then, any point you choose, is very slowly changing its position in relation to the stars because the axis is rotating too. The result of this is that, what we call the North Star (officially known as Polaris, which is actually one degree off true North) will not be above our North Pole one day. In fact, by about 15,000 AD, Vega will be almost over the North Pole, although it will be about four degrees off true North. But even this will not last, and by 28,000 AD, Polaris will be back above where it is today.

One of the effects of the precession is that seasons change. They modify the dates that they take place, so that Summer could come earlier or later. The amazing thing about our calendar is that it is corrected for that (with the leap year). If it were not, the vernal or Spring equinox would move over 13,000 years from March 21st to September 21st., which is the date of the autumnal equinox, precisely half a year later.

It is for this reason that the precession of the Earth is generally referred to as the “Precession of the Equinoxes”. Although the precession of the equinoxes is very slow, it can be readily observed. The correct year of 325.25 days is the length of time from one vernal equinox to the next vernal equinox, however, it takes 20 minutes and 24 seconds longer for the Sun to appear in precisely the same place with relation to the stars behind it over the same period. This is why accurate star maps have to be stamped with the exact time and date to which they refer.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece, writes on many subjects, but is currently involved with researching Franklin planner pages. If you have an interest in calendars, organizers or promotional calendars, please go over to our website now at Promotional Desk Calendars

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This can lead to these people making rather rash and, it has top be said, rather silly decisions. They are not willing to wait and they are not willing to work for what they want. This is why so many people turn to rapid weight loss diets. Some ‘guru’ brings out a new fad diet and a good proportion of the ‘I want it now’ crowd jump on the band wagon. Only to be disappointed again within the year or less.

Speed diets or rapid weight loss diets tend to put out great advertising copy that is very hard to resist. However, all diets, no matter which one you choose, Weight Watchers, Atkins or fad diet, depend on overweight people making lifestyle changes in order for them to work permanently.

There is a very apposite saying: if you always do what you always did, then you will always get what you always got. That says it all. You can lose weight with all but the stupidest of diets, but if you go back to your old ways when you hit your target weight, you MUST slowly, but gradually creep back to your old weight.

If you give your body more calories than it needs, it will store them for when it does need them. The problem is that that day never comes for too many people, because they never exert themselves. This is especially true of fad diets like the ‘cabbage water’ diet. Yes, you will lose weight on it, but you would lose weight by fasting whatever you did. For a while, and then you might get sick. For a diet to work, it has to be adaptable and enjoyable enough for you to be able to stick with it for the rest of your life. Make no mistake, dieting is long-haul.

Many rapid weight loss programs actually only squeeze the water out of you. Just like a wet sponge. But a good dieter maintains his or her grip on that sponge, not letting it soak up water again. The problem with short term dieting, is that you let go of the sponge underwater.

This is why serial dieters first lose weight and are happy; then finish dieting, go back to their old weight and become depressed. In that state of depression they are suckers for the advertisers of the next latest craze diet. In other words, they are being manipulated and literally squeezed dry, but of their money too.

These silly rapid weight loss programs also include fat loss pills. They are not making you lose fat, well, maybe a tiny amount gets washed out with all the surplus water you are carrying. They are only diuretics under another name. How many pills would I sell if I called them diuretics? How many more would I sell if I called them miracle fat loss pills?

Type the word diuretic into a engine and find out more about them. They are all around you in mild healthy forms. A diuretic will essentially cause your body to lose more fluid than was in the diuretic. Tea is a diuretic, for example.

This list of these dopey dieting aids to rapid weight loss goes on and on, but someone must be buying them and you can bet your bottom dollar that it is the sad, depressed dieter who let go of the sponge.

Slimming soap! Slimming soap is being advertised as being a rare Eastern remedy for corpulence. Well, let me tell you, I live in the East and I have never seen it here. Asians are slim because they do a lot of physical work and do not come under the pressure to eat junk food that Westerners do, although that situation is changing rapidly too.

Magnetic weight loss earrings, I ask you! Even being inebriated without a present for your wife ten minutes before Christmas Day is not a good enough excuse to fall for this one, surely? The advertisers say that the secret of this set of earrings is that they are magnetic.

Well, if you believe this, why not get a pair of $1 children’s toy magnets or even a couple of fridge magnets and put one in each hip pocket? Two? Well, after all, you would not want to lose weight from only one side, would you? You would be lop sided.

Just remember, when you are looking for a rapid weight loss diet: there ain’t one ( that will work for life). If you are putting on weight, then your lifestyle is wrong and it is up to you alone to change it.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece, writes on many subjects, but is currently involved with how to lose weight online. If you have an interest in losing weight too, please go over to our website now at Why Can’t I Lose Weight?

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Why should playing golf have taken off like that? I think it has to be because by playing golf you are being active outdoors with friends or colleagues competing in a leisurely game that you can never perfect.

Your scorecard shows your progress, or lack of it, and this can spur you on to want to play again.

Here is a very basic lesson in golf for the person who hasn’t a clue about the game.

A round of golf is usually played on an eighteen hole course. Each hole has its ‘par’, which is the total number of tee shots (drives), fairway shots, chips (short shots near the ‘green’) and putts on the green, it should take to sink the golfball in the hole.

‘Par’ is determined by the length and difficulty of each hole and can range from three to six. So, if you get the golf ball in the hole in six shots on a ‘par six’ hole, you ‘made par’; if you make it in five, it’s a “birdie” or seven, a “bogie”.

All the holes on a golf course will have at least one ‘hazard’ to make the game more challenging and therefore more interesting. These hazards are usually: sand traps, trees and bodies of water, which are set up in such a way as to be obstructive. A beginner at golf should seek out a course which has fewer and less obstructive hazards so it is easier to play.

Each player keeps his or her own score, marking the total number of shots for each hole. At the end, each person adds up their scores – the one with the lowest number is the winner.

Please don’t take your score or your lack of skill to heart when you are a beginner golfer, because, although the professionals make it look simple, it takes many years to play the game well.

It makes very good sense to take a few lessons from the course pro, when you are just beginning to learn to play golf, because then you will learn how to stand and swing the golf club correctly.

Are you a rookie to golfing?? We have some greon our website at tips for the beginner golfer on our website at Golfing Tips for Beginners Unique version for reprint here: Basic Golfing Tips For Beginners: 1.

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